布里斯班代写assignment:文化和思想的辩论

2017-08-26 22:43

教育，其性质、目的，其规定，最重要的是，它的资金，是文化和思想的辩论，仍然是一个备受关注的中心点，即使今天的主要议题。直到上个世纪80年代，社会民主的共识，在英国和新西兰为例，认为教育是一项公益事业，因此一个不可或缺的服务，由国家提供，所有公民平等，没有直接的费用。新西兰宝贝的作家，例如，认为教育不属于市场。它应该被认为是一种“自然领域与公共利益需要国家干预（新西兰财政部，1987）。然而，在上世纪80年代新的正确的论据质疑这个学派，主张教育是一种商品，应由市场力量最小的国家干预（Grace，1994）。Barr（1993），例如，认为教育不是公共利益因为它不表现三反射的公共产品的非竞争性、非排他性和非排斥（巴尔，1993）。这导致高等教育融资困境：国家高等教育应该如何理财？本文从一个理论框架，在人力资本理论对理解为什么教育很重要其次简要讨论的关键问题，高等教育融资理解为什么成本分担已成为多年来的一个普遍现象。主要讨论了替代国家融资使用的例子来自不同国家的后面跟着一个结论和一个简短的政策建议。
布里斯班代写assignment:文化和思想的辩论
Education, its nature, purpose, its provision, and most importantly, its funding, are major topics of cultural and ideological debates which remain a central point of concern even today. Till the 1980s, the social democratic consensus, in England and New Zealand for example, considered education to be a public good, and therefore an indispensable service, provided by the state, to all citizens equally, without direct charge. The New Zealand Treasure writers', for example, argue that education doesn't belong to the marketplace. It should be considered a 'Natural Sphere' and a public good which needs state intervention (The New Zealand Treasury, 1987). However, New-Right arguments of the 1980s challenged this school of thought, asserting education is a commodity which should be left to the market forces with minimum state intervention (Grace, 1994). Barr (1993), for example, asserts education is not a public good since it does not exhibit the three reflections of public goods: non-rivalness, non-excludability and non-rejection (Barr, 1993). This lead to the dilemma of financing higher education: How should countries finance higher education? This essay begins with a theoretical framework, looking at the human capital theory to understand why education is important followed by a brief discussion on the key issues concerning financing higher education to understand why cost sharing has become a popular phenomenon over the years. Major alternatives to state financing are discussed using examples from different countries followed by a conclusion and a brief policy recommendation.

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