澳洲essay代写:交易成本

2016-12-26 12:30

这个理论是基于交易成本理论。考虑指导邓宁的折衷范式,基本上有三种基本的动机宝洁参与国际化进程。这被称为由邓宁奥利,意味着所有权、位置和国际化的优势。因此宝洁公司从事国际化过程因为形成在国外子公司的组织能够更好地利用竞争优势拥有资源,国外已胜过美国(Rugman &布鲁尔,2001)。第二个优势,宝洁通过国际化的过程是区位优势,通过定位其制造工厂在国外可以使组织更好地管理其供应的下巴活动。过去的动机,根据邓宁的理论是国际公司的国际化优势胜过国家企业参与合资企业由于其能力和许可(巴格瓦蒂et al .,1998)。本质上利用邓宁的折衷范式中宝洁将得到三种不同类型的优势相对于企业特定优势,国家特定优势,和国际化的优势。国际化的形式,宝洁公司使用的指导根据邓宁的折衷范式将使用更多的外国直接投资等高风险投资策略拥有100%股权的香港子公司的形式或其他形式的协作安排在国外合资、特许经营或许可。通过这些安排这些年来,宝洁非常成功获得不同的竞争优势,包括地理分布,更好的利用公司的资源,扩展市场和更好的效率和有效性的实现公司的长期目标(公司,2006)。

澳洲essay代写:交易成本

This theory is based on transaction cost theory. Taking into consideration the guidance from the Dunning's eclectic paradigm, essentially there are three basic motivations for P&G to engage in the internationalization process. This has been termed by Dunning as OLI, meaning Ownership, Location and Internationalization advantages. Accordingly P&G has engaged in the internationalization process because by forming subsidiaries in foreign countries the organization could better avail the competitive advantage by owning resources where a foreign country has an edge over the US (Rugman & Brewer, 2001). The second advantage that P&G has got through the process of internationalization is the location advantage as by locating its manufacturing plants in foreign country could enable the organization to better manage its supply chin activities. The last motivation, according to the Dunning's theory is the internationalization advantage where international firm have an edge over national firms due to its ability to engage in joint ventures and licensing (Bhagwati et al., 1998).
Essentially using the Dunning's Eclectic Paradigm P&G will be in position to get three different types of advantages vis-à-vis firm specific advantages, country specific advantages, and internationalization advantages. The form of internationalization that P&G uses according to the guidance of the Dunning's Eclectic Paradigm will be the use of more risky investment strategies like foreign direct investment in the form of 100% owned subsidiary or other forms of collaborative arrangement in foreign countries like joint-venture, franchising or licensing. Through these arrangements over the years, P&G has been very successful in gaining different competitive advantages that include the geographical spread, better utilization of the company's resources, extended market and better efficiency and effectiveness in the realization of company's long-term goals and objectives (Griffen, 2006).