麦考瑞assignment代写:英语作为第一语言

2017-08-28 20:28

给英语在不同的国家使用明确的观点，卡奇鲁（1992）提出了语言的三个同心圆。内圆表示的地方，英语作为第一语言或母语如英国、美国、澳大利亚等，根据晶体（2006），有4亿个英语为母语的语言。外圆包括的地方，如印度、尼日利亚、菲律宾、新加坡等，在英语作为官方语言或第二语言。晶体（2006）指出，有4亿人说英语作为第二语言。不断扩大的圆圈代表国家中英语没有特殊的地位而广泛使用的一种通用弗兰卡或国际通信介质，研究作为一种外语，例如，日本，埃及，墨西哥，印度尼西亚等，约有600-700万人使用英语作为世界语言（水晶，2006）。这些圆圈表明英语语言的地位高，在超过100个国家成为官方语言或第二语言。大约有20亿人，世界三分之一的人口都在讲英语的世界。世界英语变体包括美国英语。英国英语、新加坡英语（singalish），印度英语、澳大利亚英语、菲律宾英语，苏格兰英语、西班牙、Taglish等多种英语世界的存在是因为英语的传播。英语的传播是许多历史和现实因素的结果（McCrum，2010）。第一个因素是在十九世纪英国殖民扩张到世界各地的影响。其次，在世界经济、军事和哈默美国巨大的影响（2013）指出，这些影响使英语成为国际企业的主要语言。再次，根据晶体（2003），美国的技术走在了世界科技领先地位。此外，广告，广播的很大，世界各地的流行音乐和文学，用英语表达思想的世界。此外，在教育方面，大部分的学术话语的使用英语语言，它可以是为什么许多国家使用英语作为外语或学校的教学手段的主要原因。因此，很明显，英语成为全球语言是最常用的在许多重要领域，如商业、教育、媒体、科学和技术。
麦考瑞assignment代写:英语作为第一语言
To give clear view of the use of English in different countries, Kachru (1992) presents the three concentric circles of language. The inner circle represents the places where English is used as first or native language such as Britain, the USA, Australia etc. According to Crystal (2006), there are 400 million native speakers of English language. The outer circle includes the places, such as India, Nigeria, the Philippines, Singapore etc, where English is used as an official language or second language. Crystal (2006) states that there are 400 million speak English as a second language. The Expanding circle represents the countries where English plays no special status but widely used as a lingua franca or medium of international communication and studied as a foreign language, for example, Japan, Egypt, Mexico, Indonesia etc. There are around 600-700 million people use English as a foreign language around the world (Crystal, 2006). These circles clearly show the high status of English language as it becomes an official or second language in more than 100 countries.There are about 2 billion people, one third of the world population speak English all over the world. Varieties of world English include American English. British English, Singapore English (Singalish), Indian English, Australian English, Philippine English, Scottish English, Spanglish, Taglish etc. The existence of different varieties of English around world is because of the spread of English. The spread of English is the result of a number of historical and pragmatic factors (McCrum, 2010). The first factor is the expansion and the influence of British colonization to many parts of the world in the nineteenth century. The second factor is the great influence of United States in world economy and military and Harmer (2013) states that these influences make English to become one of the main language of international businesses. Thirdly, according to Crystal (2003), American technology takes a leading role in the world technology. Besides, the great deal of advertising, broadcasting, popular music and literature around the world use English to express the ideas around the world. Moreover, in education, the most of the academic discourse use English language and it can be one of the main reasons why many countries use English as the foreign language or medium of instruction in schools. Therefore, it is obvious that English becomes a global language as it is the most commonly used in many important fields such as business, education, media, science and technology.

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