澳洲莫纳什代写assignment:多元文化

2020-01-04 20:31

Parvin（2009）简要介绍了20世纪90年代开始的关于多元文化主义和少数群体权利的辩论，以及这场辩论如何继续就自由国家在公民和社区中的作用问题提出重要问题。从1970年到1990年初，许多学者和舆论界人士全力支持多元文化主义，认为这是迈向更具凝聚力和宽容的欧洲的道路。这是一个哲学文学逐渐成为“多元文化主义”的时期，因为大多数西欧国家采用多元文化主义，试图将少数边缘群体纳入主流自由文化。多元文化主义也被视为保护少数群体免受主流文化不正当压力的唯一途径。正如人们所期望的那样，这种哲学运动后来成为了政治问题，多元文化主义成为一种自由主义的政治理论，并逐渐在大多数欧洲国家的政府中失去承认。西欧国家对多元文化主义的承认逐渐减少的原因从与优先对待少数民族有关的关键含糊不清到恐怖分子对安全造成的极端主义威胁在多元文化主义的表象下进行的活动。全球恐怖主义暴行的出现，增加了公民和国家身份的普及程度的忧虑，以及文化认同为践踏自由主义原则铺平道路的潜力，使得许多学者和决策者避开与多元文化主义相关的一切。现在很明显，大多数自由主义的欧洲政府不想对文化少数群体提供特殊待遇。重点已经转移到促进团结而不是分裂民主国家公民的共同纽带上。这一论点可以通过分析有关多元文化主义的哲学文献以及大多数欧洲国家政治格局的变化来理解。
澳洲莫纳什代写assignment:多元文化
Parvin (2009) gives a concise description of debate on multiculturalism and minority rights that begun in the 1990s and how this debate continues to raise important questions in matters concerning the role of the liberal states in citizenship and community. From the 1970 to early 1990 was a period when many academics and public opinion drivers gave full support to multiculturalism as the way forward towards a more cohesive and tolerant Europe. It was a period when philosophical literature had gradually become ‘multiculturalist’ as most of the western European states adopted multiculturalism in an attempt to include minority marginalized groups into the mainstream liberal culture. Multiculturalism was also seen as the only way to protect minority groups from undue pressures of the dominant cultures. As is expected with such philosophical movements that later become political issues, multiculturalism became a liberal political theory and is gradually losing recognition in most European governments.The causes of the waning recognition of multiculturalism by western European states range from crucial ambiguities associated with preferential treatment of minorities to extremist threats to security occasioned by terrorist activities perpetrated under the appearance of multiculturalism. The emergence of terrorist atrocities globally, increased anxieties over the decreased popularity of civic and national identities, and the potential for cultural recognition to pave way for practices that go against liberal principles have made many academics and policy makers to steer clear from everything associated with multiculturalism. It has now become apparent that most liberal European governments do not want to offer special treatment to cultural minorities. The emphasis has been shifted to promoting common bonds that unite rather than divide citizens of democratic states. This argument can best be understood through an analysis of philosophical literature about multiculturalism and the changes taking place in the political landscape in most European countries .

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