代写澳洲留学生论文:功利主义

2018-11-24 00:34

功利主义也被称为结果主义理论，它认为一个特定个体的行为的结果使一个行为道德或不道德。因此，有助于产生有益后果的行为被认为是正确或道德的，而导致有害或破坏性后果的行为被认为是不道德或错误的。司机(3)声称，该理论认为，一个行为或法律只有在产生最佳结果时才是正确的;只有当它为大多数人带来最大的好处。对于这一理论的支持者来说，任何行为在道德上都是正当的，因为它能使收益最大化，使成本或损害最小化。支持这一理论的哲学家有杰里米·边沁和约翰·斯图亚特·密尔。边沁，一位18世纪的哲学家，通常把幸福与快乐联系在一起，因此是一种美好的生活，把不幸与痛苦联系在一起，因此是一种不幸的生活。密尔是19世纪哲学家,用他的功利主义理论批评法律,他觉得是毫无意义的,甚至有害的社会如妇女投票权(司机3)。因此,很明显,功利主义伦理理论认为,一个动作是道德或右的后果是有利于大多数当事人不仅这样做动作的人。此外，必须评价这种行动的后果，不仅是直接后果，而且是短期和长期后果。
代写澳洲留学生论文:功利主义
Utilitarianism also known as the consequentialist theory states that the consequences of an action of a given individual make an action moral or immoral. Hence, an action that contributes to beneficial consequences is considered right or moral while an action that results in harmful or destructive consequences is immoral or wrong. Driver (3) claims that the theory holds that an action or a law is right if only it produces the best outcome; only if it brings about the ‘greatest good for the greatest number’. To the proponents of this theory, any action is morally justified to the extent that it maximizes gains and minimizes the costs or harms. Some of the philosophers in support of this theory are Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Bentham, an 18th century philosopher usually likened happiness with pleasure thus a good life and unhappiness with pain thus an unhappy life. Mill who was a 19th century philosopher, used his theory of utilitarianism to criticize laws that he felt were pointless and even harmful to society such as women’s suffrage (Driver 3). Hence it is clear that utilitarianism ethical theory maintains that an action is moral or right when the consequences are beneficial to the majority of the parties involved and not only the person doing that action. In addition, the consequences of such an action must be evaluated, not only the immediate consequences but also the short-term and long-term consequences.

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