澳洲阿德莱德代写论文:基本的功利主义思想

2018-12-05 16:23

功利主义作为一种独立的伦理立场，是在18世纪才出现的，但在亚里士多德等哲学家的思想中却可以找到基本的功利主义思想。它是一种道德哲学理论或“一个人应该如何行动”，具有自由主义传统的历史根源。功利主义的目的是在计算结果的基础上作出决定。功利主义作为一种道德理论，由于其产生的原因和目的的不同，对它的批评也各不相同。在这篇文章中，我将解释一些问题与功利主义作为一个理论，并讨论这些问题是否不可逾越，我认为他们是。理论,功利主义通常是认为杰里米·边沁,然而,类似的想法很明显在大卫·休谟的著作在询问道德的原则(1)和弗朗西斯·哈钦森,大卫·休谟在学习,在他的调查的最初我们的想法(2)美和美德。功利主义告诉我们一种行为是道德的,因为它创造了最大的最大数量。它告诉我们取有知觉的人之间分配的幸福量，看哪个分配能使幸福量最大化。它给出了一个系统的答案。在过去的两个世纪里，功利主义在政治和经济的实践学科中产生了很大的影响。因此，功利主义影响了现代生活，尤其是公共政策。在进行政治讨论时，还有什么比致力于改善人们的生活、减少人们的不快更重要的呢?
澳洲阿德莱德代写论文:基本的功利主义思想
Utilitarianism as an independent ethical position only arose in the eighteenth century however fundamental utilitarian ideas can be found in the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle. It is a philosophical theory of morality or “how one should act” which has historical roots within the liberal tradition. The aim of utilitarianism is to make decisions on the basis of a calculation of consequences. As a moral theory, There are however many critiques of utilitarianism which vary as they have different reasons and different targets due to the fact utilitarianism isn’t a single coherent theory but a cluster of related theories which have developed throughout the years. In this essay I will be explaining some of the problems with utilitarianism as a theory and discussing whether these problems are insurmountable, for which I think they are. As a theory, utilitarianism is usually thought to start with Jeremy Bentham, however, similar ideas were evident in the writings of David Hume in An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1)and Francis Hutchinson, whom David Hume studied under, in his An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (2). Utilitarianism tells us an act is moral insofar as it creates the greatest good for the greatest number. It tells us to take the amount of happiness distributed between sentient beings and look at which distribution is going to maximise the amount of happiness. It gives a systematic answer. Throughout the past two centuries utilitarianism has been very influential within practical disciplines of politics and economics. As a result, utilitarianism has had an influence modern life, particularly public policy. What could be more important when making political deliberations than aiming to make people’s lives better and less unhappy.

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