阿德莱德心理学assignment代写 智力

2020-07-23 03:34

智力在多大程度上是由基因和环境决定的，这是一个颇有争议的话题，因为有研究证明这两个因素都起着重要作用。遗传性，即“与环境因素相比，遗传基因因素在某一特征中所观察到的变异所占的比例”(韦氏大学词典，1999年)，可以用来确定遗传和环境在决定一个人的智力能力方面所起的作用。表型特征是由基因表达的，基因是遗传的一个单位，从父母转移到后代，并决定了后代的某些特征。环境与一个人的基因是分离的，因为环境是“作用于有机体或生态群落并最终决定其形式和生存的物理、化学和生物因素的复合体”(韦氏大学词典，1999年)。环境和遗传因素可能是密切相关的，因为一个人的智力可能不是依赖于其中之一，而是同时依赖于两者。智力是获得和应用知识和技能的能力，通常用IQ来表示。智商遗传性是一个群体的智商可变性的一部分可归因于基因的影响(Devlin)。在对智商遗传性进行了近一个世纪的研究后发现，亲戚之间的协方差可能不仅与基因有关，还与共同的环境有关。协方差是对两个随机变量的联合可变性的度量。通过这篇文章，我将分析不同的研究，以得出一个结论，在多大程度上智力是由一个人的遗传和环境决定的，以及这两个因素在这个过程中是如何相互影响的。
阿德莱德心理学assignment代写 智力
The extent to which intelligence is determined by one’s genes and environment is a rather debatable topic, as there are studies that prove that both factors play a significant role. Heritability, “the proportion of observed variation in a particular trait that can be attributed to inherited genetic factors in contrast to environmental ones” (Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary, 1999), can be used to determine the role that genetics and environment play in determining an individual’s intellectual aptitude. Phenotypic traits are expressed by genes, which are a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. Environment is seperate from of one’s genes, as it is “the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival” (Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary, 1999). Environmental and genetic factors may go hand in hand as one’s intelligence may not be dependent not on one of them, but both. Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills, and is often expressed as IQ (intellectual quotient). IQ heritability is the portion of a population’s IQ variability attributable to the effects of genes (Devlin). After investigating IQ heritability for almost a century, it has been discovered that covariance between relatives may be due not only to genes, but also to shared environments. Covariance is the measure of the joint variability of two random variables. Throughout this essay, I will be analyzing different studies in order to come to a conclusion on how much intelligence is determined by one’s genetics and environment, and how these two factors affect each other in the process.

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